Program Implementation Plan

Benchmark – Program Implementation Plan

Part 1 – Description of Program and Logic Model

Describe an evidence-based intervention based on your completed needs assessment. Your intervention should be population-based and informed by your chosen theory and SMART goals and objectives. Population-based interventions can be directed at the entire population within a community, the systems that affect the health of those populations, and/or the individuals and families within those populations known to be at risk. Use the Logic Model to design your proposed intervention.

1. Description of the Intervention

0. Describe the population-based, evidence-based program/intervention.

0. Discuss how the intervention will support improving the health issue for the target population.

1. Goal and Objectives

1. Goal:

1. Process Objectives (the activities to be completed in a specific time period):

1. Outcome Objectives (changes in knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, policy, environment systems, etc.):

1. Complete the Logic Model. Design your intervention using the template on the following page:

Inputs

Long-Term Outcomes

Intermediate Outcomes

Short-Term Outcomes

Outputs

Activities

Legend

Inputs: What resources do you need to make this happen? (e.g., staff, space, funding)

Activities: What are you going to do? (e.g., educate and establish partnerships)

Outputs: What will happen because of your activities? (e.g., 100 people trained)

Short-Term Outcomes: Immediate changes you expect to occur (e.g., changes in knowledge)

Intermediate Outcomes: (e.g., changes in behavior)

Long-Term Outcomes: How will this program help in the future (e.g., obesity prevention)?

Target Population (as identified by needs assessment):

Health issue affecting target population:

Theory or model used to inform an intervention:

Logic Model

Part 2 – Implementation Timeline and Action Plan

Develop a program timeline and action plan using a Gantt chart, depicting the key tasks, activities and people involved in the first 12 months (1 year) of implementing your program and the projected timeframe for completion of each task. Use the objectives you defined in Part 1.

Example :

Objective: By the end of the school year, district health educators will have delivered lessons on tobacco refusal skills to 90% of youth participants in the middle school tobacco prevention curriculum.

Timeline for Tasks/Activities

Task/Activity

Personnel Responsible

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Train volunteers on curricula

Program coordinator

X

X

Deliver education classes

Volunteers

X

X

X

1. Complete the table below for your intervention (add rows, as needed):

Objective 1:

Timeline for Tasks/Activities

Task/Activity

Personnel Responsible

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Objective 1:

Timeline for Tasks/Activities

Task/Activity

Personnel Responsible

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Objective 1:

Timeline for Tasks/Activities

Task/Activity

Personnel Responsible

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Objective 1:

Timeline for Tasks/Activities

Task/Activity

Personnel Responsible

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Objective 1:

Timeline for Tasks/Activities

Task/Activity

Personnel Responsible

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Part 3 – Budget and Budget Justification

Review the "Program Budget Resource" to complete your budget and justification. Identify a potential source of funding for your project. Add or remove rows from the tables below, as needed, to complete your budget.

Source of Funding:

1. Personnel

Staff Position	Yearly Salary	% of Time	Fringe Benefits (as % or additional cost)	Total Amount (Do not add fringe benefits twice.)
Total

1. Travel

Item	Description of Travel Event Expenses	Amount
Item 1
Item 2
Item 3
Total

1. Equipment

Equipment Item	Description	Amount	Total
Total

1. Supplies

Supply Item	Description	Amount	Total
Total

1. Consultant

Consultant/ Organizational Affiliation	Services to Be Rendered and Relevance to Service Project	Number of Days	Expected Rate of Compensation
Total			Total

1. Other

Item	Description	Amount or Amount/Month	Total
Total		Total

1. Total Direct Costs

Budget Item	Total Amount
Personnel
Fringe
Travel
Equipment
Supplies
Contractual
Consultant
Other
Total

1. Budget Proposal and Justification

Write a 250-500 word justification for your budget. The justification summarizes the resources needed and why. Provide relevant rationale and evidence to support your summary.

,

1

Assessment of a Community Public Health Issue

Students Name

Course Title

Institution Affiliation

Professors Name

Date

Assessment of a Community Public Health Issue

A community needs assessment is a tool that classifies the available resources and strengths which are required to meet children’s, youth and old age needs. This evaluation focuses on the community’s abilities in inclusion with its agencies, firms and citizens. In short, it gives leaders a framework that helps them come up with services and solutions, thus building a society that highly supports families in need. For those areas that require improvements, a community needs assessment enables community leaders to come up with plans that could bring changes. For this assignment, the public health issue to be assessed is cardiovascular diseases which have become a concern to most families. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are public health issues because they are known to be the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. They are a group of heart and blood vessel diseases, and as time passes, they are becoming a global crisis (Kumar, 2017). These groups include rheumatic heart diseases, coronary, congenital and cerebral diseases. These disease risk factors include unhealthy dietary intake, lack of physical exercise, cigarette smoking, and alcohol use (World Health Organization, 2021). Regarding CVDs, approximately 17.9 million individuals in 2019 had succumbed to the illness and thus represented about 32 per cent of all deaths globally. Out of all the deaths, an estimated 85 per cent were because of stroke and heart arracks (World Health Organization, 2021). When looking at public health issues, cardiovascular diseases have been of concern. This is clearly shown in the past the mortality statistics. Cardiovascular diseases affect all age groups despite their income, background and race. CVD deaths account for around 17.3million, which is equivalent to half of all the non-communicable mortalities each year. Herat attacks and stroke are usually acute as they are caused by blockage of blood vessels by clots, which prevents blood from flowing to the brain and heart normally. The blockages can result from the deposition of fatty acids in blood vessels that supply blood to the heart and the brain (Kumar, 2017).

Individuals of the mixed-race, including black Americans living in rural areas, experience many health problems, especially in the United States. The target population to be evaluated includes the Elderly African American people residing in rural areas in the United States. Generally, CVDs account for around 4.4 percent of deaths in the United States. As stated by the American Heart Association, an estimated 86.6 percent of American adults suffer from various types of CVDs. About 43.7 million are approximately 60 years of age (Kumar, 2017).

Looking at old age, cardiovascular diseases have become common, hence a public health issue. For one to be considered as having a cardiovascular illness, there have to be contributing factors that could result from that. This includes dyslipidemia, tobacco smoking, glucose tolerance, physical intolerance and hypertension. Considering the above, elderly individuals are at risk of getting CVD due to their daily needs. Looking at atherogenesis, diet plays an essential role in impacting glucose tolerance, blood pressure and even lipids (Soliman, 2019). As we all know, older individuals require a special diet for their needs to meet, but while doing that, they take things in excess, including saturated fats, calories, magnesium, calcium and even salt. Due to this, the possibilities of them getting hypertension are high, which predisposes them to get cardiovascular ailments. This is why the elderly are always advised to take antiatherogenic foods which contain lower amounts of saturated fats and cholesterol and have a lot of fiber. This is essential as it helps serum lipids be set to normal, but despite its advantage, it has a disadvantage of causing unexpected lesions that could lead to blood vessels blockage, which in the end prompts cardiovascular diseases (Soliman, 2019).

Health disparities are defined as various types of health differences associated with economic, social, and environmental hindrances and present in particular population groups. Ethnicity, race, geography and individual socioeconomic status are among the health disparities linked to cardiovascular diseases. When we look at the above disparities, they all have a cause, and this might be from the patients themselves, the system, factors liked to the health care providers, and the system itself. When all of these are put together, they are known to result in health and ethnic disparities (Graham, 2016). A person’s behavior, including their dietary intake, level of exercise, and genetics, can cause some health disparities at the patient’s level. Biasness when providing patient care is another type of health disparity that can occur at the provider’s level (Graham, 2016). When patients fail to access some care due to cultural competency, poor infrastructure and insurance coverage, it can lead to health disparities at the health system level. This is because this hinders various patients from receiving the kind of care required, which is something that can be looked into (Graham, 2016).

To come up with a cardiovascular program that can deal with cardiovascular diseases for African American people, they require considering the population's cultural values and practices. The African Americans are very religious, and putting this in mind, they have their own beliefs concerning the same. This is why one has to understand them before developing a program that could combat CVD. Firstly, this population has no trust in the health care systems and those that provide the care and services. They also believe that when one goes for a surgical procedure, they can die due to clot formation or develop cancer, which hinders most of them from seeking help earlier. Before coming up with a health program, one should consider the communities alternatives of dealing with sickness, including prayer and the use of herbs (O’Rourke and McDowell n.d.). According to this society, when one is not spiritually attached, one can have mental, physical, or chronic illnesses. This is why the community’s cultural beliefs must be considered first, as it may help one comprehend cardiovascular pathophysiology. Considering the community's belief that opioid usage can cause addiction is vital as setting up the program may lead to the type of analgesics that could be used to manage pain (O’Rourke and McDowell n.d.).

While dressing the issue of CVD, numerous barriers may rise, especially when choosing the types of foods that can be ingested. Depending on the community’s partialities, economic status, and the available foods, various challenges may come up. For one to have a balanced diet, they must be stable financially, and because this community experiences an unfavourable nutritional environment, it may be hard to advise on the use of suitable foods. Due to this, healthy foods may remain a vital barrier concerning the quality of diet this community might require (Kris‐Etherton et al., 2020). Regarding the economic barriers, this group might find challenges while trying to get to programs that could help them get food and income, and this could thus hinder them from getting the correct type of foods in their conditions. This community also has their cultural norms, which may also hamper them from getting the best care from health care facilities because some of them believe that if they take home remedies, they can get well as soon as possible. Some of them have little faith in medical services because their cultures prohibit them from viewing the world differently. Some of the barriers that can also prevent one from coming up with a program to deal with cardiovascular issues are the preferences of an individual, circumstances and psychology. This is a problem as individuals choose what to believe, and no one can force them to believe in what they do not want (Kris‐Etherton et al., 2020).

Additionally, food insecurity may also be an issue as it would interfere with an individual’s eating pattern. The inability to get adequate food is an economic feature that might occur because of increased food prices and income levels. To address the issue of cardiovascular diseases in the elderly, they need to address food availability, and when this is impossible, it’s also hard to deal with CVDs (Kris‐Etherton et al., 2020).

References

Graham, G. (2016). Disparities in cardiovascular disease risk in the United States. Current cardiology reviews, 11(3), 238-245. Retrieved from https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/ben/ccr/2015/00000011/00000003/art00009

Kris‐Etherton, P. M., Petersen, K. S., Velarde, G., Barnard, N. D., Miller, M., Ros, E, & Freeman, A. M. (2020, March 23). Barriers, Opportunities, and Challenges in Addressing Disparities in Diet‐Related Cardiovascular Disease in the United States. Retrieved from https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.119.014433

Kumar, S. (2017). Cardiovascular disease and its determinants: Public health issue. J. Clin. Med. Ther, 2(1). Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Santosh-Kumar-13/publication/312092952_Cardiovascular_Disease_and_Its_Determinants_Public_Health_Issue/links/586f435408ae329d6215f2b5/Cardiovascular-Disease-and-Its-Determinants-Public-Health-Issue.pdf

O’Rourke, M & McDowell, M. (n.d.). Providing Culturally Competent Care for African Americans. Retrieved from https://www.aana.com/docs/default-source/about-us-aana.com-web-documents-(all)/providing-culturally-competent-care-to-African-Americans-jan-2018.pdf?sfvrsn=54115cb1_2

Soliman, G. A. (2019). Dietary fibre, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease. Nutrients, 11(5), 1155.

World Health Organization. (2021, June 11). Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cardiovascular-diseases-(CVD)