T-TEST APPLICATION AND INTERPRETATION
Step 1: Write Section 1 of the DAA: The Data Analysis Plan
- Name the variables used in this analysis and whether they are categorical or continuous.
- State a research question, null hypothesis, and alternate hypothesis for the independent samples t-test.
Step 2: Write Section 2 of the DAA: Testing Assumptions
Test for one of the assumptions of t tests – homogeneity of variance.
- Create SPSS output showing the Levene's Test for Equality Variances. Run the Levene's test on the dependent variable test for the entire sample. Do not split the data up by review session before running the homogeneity test.
- Paste the table in the DAA.
- Interpret the Levene's test.
Step 3: Write Section 3 of the DAA: Results and Interpretation
Paste the SPSS output of the t test. Below the output:
- Report the means and standard deviations for each group.
- State the results of the t-test using the "Assume equal variances" row.
- Interpret the statistical results against the null hypothesis and state whether it is rejected or not rejected.
Step 4: Write Section 4 of the DAA: Statistical Conclusions
- Provide a brief summary of your analysis and the conclusions drawn about this t test.
- Analyze the limitations of the statistical test and/or possible alternative explanations for your results.
Step 5: Write Section 5 of the DAA: Application
Analyze how you might use the independent samples t test in your field of study.
- Name an independent variable and dependent variable that would work for such an analysis and why studying it may be important to the field or practice.
Submit your DAA template as an attached Word document in the assignment area.
Competencies Measured
By successfully completing this assignment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and assignment criteria:
- Competency 1: Analyze the computation, application, strengths, and limitations of various statistical tests.
- Analyze statistical assumptions.
- Competency 2: Analyze the decision-making process of data analysis.
- Articulate the data analysis plan.
- Competency 3: Apply knowledge of hypothesis testing.
- Interpret statistical results and hypotheses.
- Competency 4: Interpret the results of statistical analyses.
- Explain statistical conclusions, the limitations of the test, and possible alternative explanations.
- Competency 6: Apply the results of statistical analyses (your own or others) to your field of interest or career.
- Analyze the potential applications of the test in the field and their implications.
- Competency 7: Communicate in a manner that is scholarly, professional, and consistent with the expectations for members in the identified field of study.
- Communicate in a manner that is scholarly, professional, and adheres to APA style and formatting.
Running head: DATA ANALYSIS AND APPLICATION TEMPLATE 1
PAGE
1
Data Analysis & Application Template
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Data Analysis and Application (DAA) Template
Use this file for all assignments that require the DAA Template. Although the statistical tests will change from week to week, the basic organization and structure of the DAA remains the same. Update the title of the template. All should be written in narrative form (delete numbered lists).
Data Analysis Plan
1. Name the variables and the scales of measurement.
2. State your research question, null and alternate hypothesis.
Testing Assumptions
1. Paste the SPSS output for the given assumption.
2. Summarize whether or not the assumption is met.
Results & Interpretation
1. Paste the SPSS output for main inferential statistic(s) as discussed in the instructions.
2. Interpret statistical results as discussed in the instructions.
Statistical Conclusions
1. Provide a brief summary of your analysis and the conclusions drawn.
2. Analyze the limitations of the statistical test.
3. Provide any possible alternate explanations for the findings and potential areas for future exploration.
Application
1. Think of your own field of study. Describe how this type of analysis might be used in your field.
2. Analyze what the value and potential implication of such an analysis would be.
References
Provide references in proper APA Style if necessary.
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Remove or Replace: Header Is Not Doc Title
Data Set Instructions
The grades.sav file is a sample SPSS data set. The fictional data represent a teacher’s recording of student demographics and performance on quizzes and a final exam across three sections of the course. Each section consists of about 35 students (N = 105).
Last week, you converted grades2.dat to grades.sav. There are 21 variables in grades.sav. Open your grades.sav file and go to the Variable View tab. Make sure you have the following values and scales of measurement assigned.
|
SPSS variable |
Definition |
Values |
Scale of measurement |
|
id |
Student identification number |
Nominal |
|
|
lastname |
Student last name |
Nominal |
|
|
firstname |
Student first name |
Nominal |
|
|
gender |
Student gender |
1 = female; 2 = male |
Nominal |
|
ethnicity |
Student ethnicity |
1 = Native; 2 = Asian; 3 = Black; 4 = White; 5 = Hispanic |
Nominal |
|
year |
Class rank |
1 = freshman; 2 = sophomore; 3 = junior; 4 = senior |
Scale |
|
lowup |
Lower or upper division |
1 = lower; 2 = upper |
Ordinal |
|
section |
Class section |
Nominal |
|
|
gpa |
Previous grade point average |
Scale |
|
|
extcr |
Did extra credit project? |
1 = no; 2 = yes |
Nominal |
|
review |
Attended review sessions? |
1 = no; 2 = yes |
Nominal |
|
quiz1 |
Quiz 1: number of correct answers |
Scale |
|
|
quiz2 |
Quiz 2: number of correct answers |
Scale |
|
|
quiz3 |
Quiz 3: number of correct answers |
Scale |
|
|
quiz4 |
Quiz 4: number of correct answers |
Scale |
|
|
quiz5 |
Quiz 5: number of correct answers |
Scale |
|
|
final |
Final exam: number of correct answers |
Scale |
|
|
total |
Total number of points earned |
Scale |
|
|
percent |
Final percent |
Scale |
|
|
grade |
Final grade |
Nominal |
|
|
passfail |
Passed or failed the course? |
Nominal |
1
1
,
______________________________________________________________________________
t-Test
Open grades.sav in SPSS.
On the Analyze menu, point to Compare Means and select Independent-Samples T Test…
Select final. Select the arrow to move final to the Test Variables box.
Select review. Select the arrow to move review to the Grouping Variable box.
Select Define Groups…
Set Group 1 to 1. Set Group 2 to 2. Select Continue.
Select OK.
Copy and paste the t-test output in DAA Section 3.
In DAA Section 2, discuss the Levene’s Test (no output necessary). In DAA Section 3, report the means and standard deviations for each group. Report the t-test using the "Assume equal variances" row. Interpret the statistical results against the null hypothesis and state whether it is rejected or not rejected.
DAA Sections 2 and 3 should look like the next page.
Testing Assumptions
Report and interpret the Levene’s test. The Levene’s Test output appears below in Section 3.
Results & Interpretation
Report the means and standard deviations for each group. State the results of the t-test using the "Assume equal variances" row. Interpret the statistical results against the null hypothesis and state whether it is rejected or not rejected.
SCREENSHOTS TAKEN FROM SPSS (PC) VERSION 28.
QUESTIONS? EMAIL: [email protected]
